26^th European Biotechnology Congress September 27-28, 2022 Paris, France

Biography:

Aleksandra Sobiech is a PHD Student on Poznan University of Life Sciences. She graduated master study of Biotechnology in 2020.On her PHD she investigate Multidimensional exploration of molecular mechanisms involved in maize (Zea mays) fusarium resistance.

Abstract:

Molecular analysis in maize focused on identifying new markers and QTL regions associated with loci that determine yield structure traits and Fusarium resistance. DNA analysis in the selection of parental components for heterotic crosses is an important tool for breeders, while fungi of the genus Fusarium, cause  deterioration in nutritional value and forage quality due to the presence of harmful mycotoxins. The aim of this study was to identify and select new markers for maize (SNPs and SilicoDArT) linked to genes affecting yield components in maize, and markers that could be used for mass selection of fusarium-resistant varieties. The plant material consisted of 186 maize inbred lines. These lines came from two Polish experimental plots: Smolice Plant Breeding Ltd and Malopolska Plant Breeding Kobierzyce Ltd. Of the 81,602 identified SilicoDArT and SNP markers, 15,409 (1559 SilicoDArT and 13,850 SNP) significantly associated with the yield components analyzed were selected by association mapping. The largest number of molecular markers were associated with cob length (1203), cob diameter (1759), core length (1201) and core diameter (2326). Of the 15,409 markers significantly associated with the yield component traits analyzed, 18 DArT markers were selected that were significant for the same four traits in both localities. These markers were used for physical mapping. As a result of the analyses, 6 of the 18 identified markers were found to be within genes. Also, 2962 (321 SilicoDArT and 2641 SNPs) significantly associated with plant resistance to fusarium were selected, of which 7 markers were significant at the 0.001 level. They were used for physical mapping. The analysis found that two of the seven selected markers (15.097-SilicoDArT and 58.771-SNP) are located within genes on chromosomes 2 and 3, respectively. Marker 15.097 is anchored to the gene encoding putrescine N-hydroxycinnamonotransferase, while marker 58.771 is anchored to the gene encoding peroxidase precursor 72. Both of these genes may be associated with plant resistance to fusarium.

Biography:

Omer Faruk COSKUN has completed his PhD from Erciyes University, Turkey

Abstract:

Yield, quality and other agronomic characteristics of horticultural crops are very important in terms of breeding selection criteria. By set a linkage between phenotype and genotype with the associating mapping technique, phenotype-related DNA markers can be detected. Association mapping involves searching for genotype-phenotype correlations in unrelated genotypes and often is more rapid and cost-effective than traditional linkage mapping. In this study, DNA markers related to some agronomic traits of watermelon populations were identified with the aid of association mapping technique.  Inter-primer binding site (iPBS), inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of 96 watermelon genotypes. According to similarity coefficient, the lowest (0.29) and highest (0.99) similarities were detected between watermelon genotypes. The association maps revealed that general linear model (GLM) model yielded the best outcomes for 5 parameters and mixed linear model (MLM) models yielded the best outcomes for the other parameters. For all parameters, 8-69 related marker were identified, and regression models were able to explain related characters by between 11.3 - 84.7%. Two-marker model was able to explain yield values by 68.6%, three-marker model was able to explain glucose value by 62.8%. It was concluded that iPBS technique, which was used for the first time in watermelon, could reliably be used for association mapping. It was observed that watermelon genotypes exhibited a large diversity in morphological characteristics and a narrow diversity in genetic parameters. Present findings revealed that association mapping method for existing watermelon genotypes was an efficient method for identification of marker-trait relationships without generation a mapping population.

Biography:

Maryam Mousavi received her bachelor's degree in genetics from the University of Isfahan. During this time, I learned some laboratory work. I completed my master's degree at Ashrafi University of Isfahani with the same professors of Isfahan University. I wrote several articles on different topics and learned laboratory work in a more specialized way. By reading many articles, I try to find answers to my questions and present them in the form of articles for further follow-up by people with more information and capabilities.

Abstract:

Mitochondria are involved in the control of apoptosis, signals and chromatin structure change and affect the expression level. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that have a specific shape and structure in each type of cell that helps cell differentiation; they are elongated, hollow, and small in normal cells, spherical and rod-like in melanoma cells. They accumulate in stem cells, but they do not have phosphorylationoxidative activity, and the energy of the cell is provided only through glycolysis.The important point is the difference in temperature and the difference in the energy level of this intracellular organelle, which It is usually ignored and only the amount of ATP production is considered in energy transfer. In the cell the temperature of the active mitochondria is about 50 degrees .According to the statement that the forces between the two strands of DNA is through the force of water, not hydrogen bonds, as well as the statement that water and heat easily leave mitochondria and Einstein's theory of mass and energy which says that Objects receive heat and go to a higher energy level. Above energy and movement, coldness is a sign of lack of energy. This shutting down of DNA, enzymes, cofactors and histones in stem cells is due to the reduction of mitochondrial activity and for this reason, by changing the structure and activity of cells from glycolysis to oxidativephosphorylation, this heat and energy for movement, unfolding, expression, proliferation, reproduction and differentiation are provided. The main point is that the transfer of intelligent energy and the movement of mitochondria and the transfer of hot water due to the difference in density never mix with cold water to reach the desired point in the DNA and the same part is expressed and this difference in the location of gene expression is the same differentiation.

Biography:

Maryam Mousavi received her bachelor's degree in genetics from the University of Isfahan. During this time, I learned some laboratory work. I completed my master's degree at Ashrafi University of Isfahani with the same professors of Isfahan University. I wrote several articles on different topics and learned laboratory work in a more specialized way. By reading many articles, I try to find answers to my questions and present them in the form of articles for further follow-up by people with more information and capabilities.      

Abstract:

Iron plays an important role in electron transfer, cellular respiration, differentiation and regulation of gene transcription, DNA synthesis and repair and role in supporting the transcription of key genes required for cell growth and function [such as: nitric oxide synthase, protein kinase c-beta, p21(CIP1/WAF1)] Mitochondria are the main centers of iron accumulation and utilization. It can be concluded that it is the mitochondria that regulates the iron, but another conclusion is that it is the iron that controls the mitochondria, how much of the necessary enzymes to be made or how much of the genes involved in cellular activities are expressed. It can be concluded that the iron controls the mitochondria, how much of the necessary enzymes to be made or how much of the genes involved in cellular activities are expressed. This conclusion can be because it is stored in the form of ferritin in parts with high activity and gene expression and high differentiation, i.e. intestinal mucosa, liver, spleen, kidney, and bone marrow, or in nerve cells, red blood cells, and macrophages Entrusts export iron. considering that the regulation of iron metabolism is responsible for intestinal absorption of iron and stress has the greatest effect on stomach acid and digestive system and liver activity, with the increase of stomach acid, the environment becomes more suitable for dissolving iron. On the other hand, hepcidin of the liver, which is a peptide that controls the level of iron in the blood, by binding to ferroportin, prevents the release of iron from the cells. Therefore, an imbalance occurs because the iron entering the cells is high, but the outgoing iron is low. This can be the reason for the accumulation of iron in cancer cells. By iron increasing, all the above things, such as DNA synthesis and expression, and energy increase.

Biography:

Anna Durinova is a PhD. student at Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove where she works as a member of Pharmacology and Toxicology department. Her area of interest is in the field of molecular pharmacology focused on use of molecular biology techniques, such as CRISPR/Cas 9 gene editing, flow cytometry, FACS and qRT-PCR method. Within her study she has gained expertise with radiolabeled substances used in accumulation studies.

Abstract:

Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 2 (LRP2, megalin) belongs to the LDL receptor family localized on the apical surface of several different epithelial cells. The receptor is responsible for internalization of various ligands including aminoglycoside antibiotics, hormones and their carriers, nutrients etc. The common feature for all known ligands is their high molecular weight.

            Human cell lines originally expressing LRP2 – HK2 (proximal tubular cell line) and JEG-3 (human placental choriocarcinoma cell line) were used for gene modification to improve the characterization of possible LRP2 substrates. The knockout of LRP2 gene was achieved using CRISPR/Cas9 method. sgRNA sequences were specifically designed to target crucial sites for regulation of function and trafficking ligands (NPMY motif), phosphorylation (PPPSP motif) or transmembrane domain of LRP2. The modification was verified by two different methods based on various response of unmodified and newly modified cells to well-known LRP2 ligands aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin and FITC-albumin. The first method monitors increased viability of transfected cells treated with cytotoxic doses of gentamicin. The second method detects lower amount of accumulated FITC-albumin in modified cells. FACS (fluorescent activated cell sorting) was used to secure separation of genetically modified cells exerting low activity of megalin from unmodified cells. After confirmation of lower LRP2 expression in sorted cells by qRT-PCR and control methods, developed cells can be considered as a suitable model for further testing of potential LRP2 ligands.

             The first tested substance was radiolabeled VEGF-A N-terminal helix-derived 15 amino acid peptide with binding and inhibitory potency to VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) receptors. We confirmed the 15-mer as LRP2 ligand based on the accumulation studies results. Further testing of more potential substances is planned in near future.